Sensors and Embedded System

Sensors and Embedded Systems

Sensors provide embedded systems with the ability to detect and measure environmental changes and provide real-time data. Embedded systems with the latest sensor technology ensure a higher level of intelligent services, sometimes even better than humans.

 What is an embedded system?

Embedded systems are integrated with several traditional and existing sensors. Embedded sensor nodes are physically small and relatively inexpensive. In general, embedded sensors are a fundamental part of many embedded systems that help interact with the real-world environment. The development of modern sensor technology is growing rapidly with the miniaturization of embedded systems, microprocessors, and microcontrollers, especially microelectromechanical systems.

sensor

A sensor is a device or module (or subsystem) that can sense or detect physical phenomena in the environment, such as light, pressure, temperature, or motion. The input to the sensor can be any physical phenomenon, but the output should be a human-readable signal. Sensors detect changes and events in the surroundings and send data to smart devices and embedded systems. There are different types of sensors for different purposes. These include image sensors, motion sensors, position sensors, photoelectric sensors, radiation sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, proximity sensors, particle sensors, metal sensors, liquid level sensors, electrical sensors, humidity sensors, flow sensors, leak sensors, Flame sensor, contact sensor, non-contact sensor.

In general, sensors can be divided into two categories: active and passive. An external power supply is required to operate the active sensor device. Emit energy pulses and detect energy pulse reflections. The most commonly used active sensor system is RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging). Passive sensing devices detect or measure naturally occurring energy without requiring an external power source to operate. Active detection systems use passive detection devices to detect reflections.

Sensors can also be classified as analog and digital. Digital sensor devices generate digital signals into which the data is converted and transmitted. Examples of digital sensors include digital accelerometers, digital pressure sensors, and digital temperature sensors. Analog sensor devices generate analog signals. Examples of analog sensors are light sensors (LDR), sound sensors, and analog temperature sensors.

embedded system sensors
An embedded system is a combination of microprocessor-based computer hardware and software designed for a dedicated function. Today, every aspect of modern technology life requires embedded technology: the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, industrial machinery, medical and agricultural equipment, self-driving cars, drones, planes, toys, and more. 

What exactly is a smart sensor?
A smart sensor is a device that receives input from the physical environment, processes that input using built-in compute resources, and then transmits the processed data.

Smart sensors make it possible to collect environmental data more precisely, automatically, and with a smaller amount of false information mingling with true data. These gadgets are used in a wide range of environments, such as smart grids, battlefield reconnaissance, exploration, and many scientific applications, such as monitoring and control mechanisms.

The internet of things (IoT), becoming more and more common, is another context in which the smart sensor plays a significant and integral role. In this context, almost anything imaginable can be equipped with a unique identifier and the capability to transmit data over the internet or another similar network. One way that smart sensors are used is as part of a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN), which has nodes that can number in the thousands and are each connected to one or more other sensors, sensor hubs, as well as individual actuators.

Low-power mobile microprocessors are frequently used to provide computing resources. A smart sensor must include a sensor, a microprocessor, and some form of communication technology. A sensor that merely sends its data for remote processing is not regarded as a smart sensor because the compute resources must be an integral part of the physical design.

How do intelligent sensors operate?
A smart sensor connects a simple base sensor to built-in computing power to process the sensor's input. The element that offers the ability to sense is the base sensor. It might be made to feel pressure, light, or heat. Frequently, the base sensor will generate an analog signal that needs to be altered before use. This is where the built-in technology of an intelligent sensor is useful. The sensor signal is transformed into a usable, digital format by the onboard microprocessor, which also removes signal noise.

Arduino project

Our arduino project will a snake game

Using LCD screen to display the snake and the dot. (Find the code to display the snake and dot).

Use the joystick to move the snake. (Find the code to move the snake).

Use the buzzer to put a music or a sound when the snake hit the wall. (Look for a code to make a sound).

the screen that displays the number to put the point (code to increment the point each time it eat the dot)

Use the potentiometer to make the snake move faster. (Code to make the snake move faster when you turn the potentiometer) 

Push button to start and stop the game.(code to start the game and stop the game)

A red led will switch on when you lose the game. (When it hit itself or the wall it will light up with a sound)

Use serial monitor to display the highest score for each player.

Use LDR to control the brightness of the screen.

after many trial the lCD finally worked

SFIA level

After completing this activity I can say that I am on level 3 which is Apply.

 I was able to work under general direction. Receives specific direction, accepts guidance, and has work reviewed at agreed milestones. I have been able to identify and respond to complex issues related to my own assignments such as the Arduino project. Determines when issues should be escalated to a higher level. I have planned and monitored my own work and that of my other classmates competently within limited deadlines.

I interact with and influence my classmates. I have to make decisions that impact routine work assigned to individuals or stages of projects.  I have Understands and collaborate and representation in my work.

 I have been able to perform a range of work, sometimes complex and non-routine, in a variety of environments.  I have applied a methodical approach to my work and moderately complex issue definition and resolution. I have applied and contributed to creative thinking or finds new ways to complete tasks.

Effectively applies digital skills and explores these capabilities for their role.

I have taken the initiative to develop my own knowledge and skills by identifying and negotiating appropriate development opportunities.

I can Demonstrate effective application and the ability to impart knowledge found in industry bodies of knowledge and I can Absorb new information and applies it effectively.

References

https://www.google.com/search?q=embedded+systems&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjciPWumIT-AhU3kScCHU0BAxwQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=em&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIIxAnMgQIIxAnMgoIABCKBRCxAxBDMgcIABCABBATMgcIABCABBATMgcIABCABBATMgcIABCABBATMgcIABCABBATMgcIABCABBATMgcIABCABBATOgUIABCABDoHCCMQ6gIQJzoHCAAQigUQQzoICAAQgAQQsQNQjwdYiQpgzRNoAXAAeACAAZMCiAHzBZIBAzItM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=c8glZJyDAreinsEPzYKM4AE&bih=764&biw=1440&hl=en#imgrc=Brcmk1rjLA5XyM