Smart system

Smart systems and Sensors

Describe the Smart System.
1. a system that uses sensing, actuation, and control to make decisions based on the information at hand. 

2. By integrating ICT functionality into "traditional" technologies, smart systems give them advanced control and usability features. 

3. In order to describe and analyze a condition, make decisions that are predictive or adaptive, and take smart actions as a result, smart systems combine sensing, actuation, and control capabilities. The "smartness" of the system is typically explained by its autonomous operation based on closed-loop control, energy efficiency, and networking capabilities. ".

what is physical computing?

Building, constructing, creating, or making interactive systems that employ various types of software and hardware to detect and react to an external stimulus—which could be a program, a problem statement, a need, an issue, or just an idea—is known as physical computing. Simply described, physical computing is a process where all input and output devices operate as a single organism under the supervision of an object that resembles the brain, possibly a microcontroller board.

A hands-on approach is used in physical computing, which entails investing a lot of effort in creating circuits, soldering, writing programs, creating structures to house sensors and controls, and finding out how to best connect all of these components to produce the required output.

Arduino

The open-source Arduino platform is used to create electrical projects. With Arduino, you can write and upload computer code to a physical programmable circuit board (commonly called a microcontroller) using a piece of software called the IDE (Integrated Development Environment), which runs on your computer.

With those just getting into electronics, the Arduino platform has grown rather popular, and for good reason. The Arduino does not require a separate piece of hardware (referred to as a programmer) in order to load fresh code onto the board; instead, you can do so by using a USB cable, in contrast to the majority of earlier programmable circuit boards. Moreover, the Arduino IDE employs a condensed form of C++ that makes learning to program simpler. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.

Buzzer

• As the name refers, this is a piezo buzzer. It is able to produce a high pitch tone while it is connected to digital output and logic level is set to high.
• You can also control the various tones according to the frequencies generated from the analog PWM output that is connected to it

LCD RGB Backlight

• This LCD RB Backlight acts as a perfect I2C LCD display for your Arduino with its high contrast and simplicity!
• As it uses I2C interface to communicate with the Arduino,
  it will reduce the pin header from 10 to 2 which is very convenient for the Grove system.
• Not only can it display characters, it can also display DIY images like a heart symbol or stick-man on this LCD module through a simple coding configuration.

• Breadboard

  A breadboard is a tool used to experiment with circuits without the need for soldering wires. In essence, it's a temporary testing tool with which you can make and break electrical connections quickly. The breadboard consists of a sheet of plastic with holes on the top, and metal rails connected underneath; components and jumper wires are inserted into these holes. Each of those rows of five holes in the middle is connected. The entire column is connected on the outside: these are typically used as power lines to connect to external power sources. Using a breadboard in your projects makes it much easier to get started with tinkering and allows you to test your ideas at the initial stage.

  LEDs

  The SunFounder kit comes with several LEDs in various colors (red, yellow, green, blue, and white) as well as a single RGB LED. The RGB LED features four pins (one for each color and one common cathode, or ground), so you can experiment with color mixing, or create displays of random colors. It's quite cool to play with once you dive into programming with Arduino. Beginners, especially, tend to be fascinated with how much you can achieve with a few lines of code.

  One important thing to note is the leads on the LED. Typically, the positive one is longer than the negative one, but if yours are the same size, then look for a flat side on the base of the actual LED. The leg on the flat side is ground or negative.

  You can unleash your creativity with LEDs. For a list of interesting ideas, be sure to check our list of inspiring Arduino LED projects you can make yourself.

• USB Cable

  The USB cable connects your Arduino to your PC or a separate power supply. In addition to providing power to the unit, the cable transmits data—in the form of programs, or "sketches"—between the PC and Arduino. Once uploaded, the Arduino stores the program even if it's disconnected from power. To erase the program on an Arduino, you just upload a new one.

  While the Arduino will store your program indefinitely, even without power, it's important to note that the board needs to be connected to a power source of some kind to run it. It can be powered from a USB port, wall charger, or a 9V or 12V DC input.

• Servo Motor

  The rotary servo in the kit contains a DC motor, potentiometer, and gearing system that can be used for precision control of the position of its "horn" using PWM (pulse-width modulation) signals from the Arduino. Servos may be used in devices such as robotic arms and steering systems.

  5V Relay

  The SunFounder Kit used to include an optocoupler, but that has since been replaced with a 5V relay. A relay is an electromechanical switch that allows you to close and open circuits without mechanical contact.

  Optocouplers are typically cheaper, more reliable, and faster than a relay, but they are also incapable of handling higher loads. Relays come in handy when you need to control a large amount of current or voltage using a small electrical signal.

  Resistors

  Resistors are components that limit the flow of current to other components. When you plug a wire into the 5V power pin on an Arduino, but a component can only handle 3.5V, you need to find a way to restrict the amount of power (current) it receives in order to avoid damaging it

• 7-Segment Display

  A 7-segment display is an integrated package of LEDs that act as a digital readout for projects that need a display of numbers. The SunFounder Kit includes both a single-digit and four-digit version. While it can't handle images or the like, this kind of display is ideal for projects such as electric dice, an alarm clock, or even a countdown timer.

HOMEWORK

The robot companion or smart toy for elderly people living on their own should be designed to provide companionship, entertainment, and security.

Requirements: 1. Device: The robot should be a physical device or toy, with a body and head to simulate a humanoid figure. It should be portable and lightweight. 2. Artificial Intelligence: The robot should be powered by artificial intelligence, with the ability to recognize and respond to verbal commands, as well as respond to changes in the environment. 3. Communication: The robot should be able to communicate with its user, either through text or voice, to ask questions and provide feedback. 4. Entertainment: The robot should be able to provide entertainment, such as playing music, games, and providing stimulating conversation. 5. Security: The robot should be able to detect security issues, such as a break-in or fire, and alert the user or a designated contact. 6. Connectivity: The robot should be able to connect to the internet and/or a home network to allow for remote monitoring and control. 7. Safety: The robot should be designed to be safe to use, with no sharp edges or other potential hazards. 8. Maintenance: The robot should be designed to be easy to maintain, with simple troubleshooting steps and any necessary replacement parts easily accessible.

SFIA level

After completing this activity I can say that I am on level 3 which is Apply.

 I was able to work under general direction. Receives specific direction, accepts guidance, and has work reviewed at agreed milestones. I have been able to identify and respond to complex issues related to my own assignments such as the Arduino project. Determines when issues should be escalated to a higher level. I have planned and monitored my own work and that of my other classmates competently within limited deadlines.

I interact with and influence my classmates. I have to make decisions that impact routine work assigned to individuals or stages of projects.  I have Understands and collaborate and representation in my work.

 I have been able to perform a range of work, sometimes complex and non-routine, in a variety of environments.  I have applied a methodical approach to my work and moderately complex issue definition and resolution. I have applied and contributed to creative thinking or finds new ways to complete tasks.

Effectively applies digital skills and explores these capabilities for their role.

I have taken the initiative to develop my own knowledge and skills by identifying and negotiating appropriate development opportunities.

I can Demonstrate effective application and the ability to impart knowledge found in industry bodies of knowledge and I can Absorb new information and applies it effectively.

References

https://www.google.com/search?q=smart+system+and+sensors&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjDiY2UlIT-AhVfricCHZXkAzYQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=smart+&gs_lcp=CgNpbW

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